Layers of Landscape transfers to the Milesian Pensinsula

17 May – 24 May 2019

As part of Turkey’s Museum Week (Müze Haftası), the Milet Museum hosted our exhibition of archival photographs “Layers of Landscape / Peyzaj Katmanları” in their main exhibition space between 17th and 24th May 2019. It was a great pleasure to be able to bring these photos back to the peninsula, and talk to locals about their experience of the landscape including some who have worked as part of the excavations in the region for many years. The opening of the exhibition was on the morning of Friday 17th, opened by Didim’s current İlçe Kaymakamı Mehmet Türköz , and attended by local reporters (see article here). Local school children were also at the opening, as part of an open day with extra activities for learning about objects in the museum and the work of archaeologists (for more photos from the event see here).

The exhibition panels will stay in Miletos with a view to being re-exhibited near the temple of Didyma in the near future.

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Layers of Landscape – Impressions of the Exhibition

13 November 2018 – 23 February 2019

Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge

This exhibition was curated by Anja Slawisch and Toby C. Wilkinson, as part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 700769. The organizers gratefully acknowledge the help, advice and assistance of: Renate Schiele, Ayşe Seeher, Banu Dogan, Yannis Galanakis, Ulrich Mania, Berna Polat, Cemre Üstünkaya, staff at the Milet Archaeological Museum in Balat and the Museum of Classical Archaeology in Cambridge.

The Photographic Archives of the German Archaeological (DAI) in Istanbul kindly provided permission for the reproduction of images from their collections.

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Introductory talk during the pre-view of the exhibtion on 12th November 2018.
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Display case: The Bean Archive

Bean and the Milesian Peninsula

An archive of Bean’s letters and photographs are today held by the Museum of Classical Archaeology in Cambridge. There are only a few photographs in the archive from the Milesian peninsula. The concentration of German archaeological expeditions in the area perhaps made it a less attractive area for study.

For more information on the Bean archive see: here

The setting of the exhibtion in the Cast Gallery46449242_2303269116381710_4081680186448281600_o 46479482_2303269059715049_597012346908442624_o 46329917_2303268683048420_1862730245442895872_oPhotographs taken by the staff of the Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge

Exhibition: Layers of Landscape

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This exhibition looks at the changing face of travel, production and population in the Milesian landscape (around the ancient city of Miletos, today in modern Turkey) through images taken by various archaeologists, travellers and others working on the peninsula.
Most of these photographs were not intended as ‘artistic’ images as such, although many have strong aesthetic impact. Rather, as so often with photographs, it is through accidental serendipity that each highlights different layers of landscape that document the speed of change on the peninsula.
For more information in English see here, and for the Turkish version here.
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Hands-on-workshop for children: Ancient Greek Toys

Ways of making: explaining ancient object production to primary school children (outreach)

Two groups of clay objects connected with childhood are often found in ancient Greek sanctuaries or graves. These are:- 1. dolls with movable joints and 2. animals or chariots with two or more wheels.

Both groups of objects were made using a combination of mould-made parts and individual hand-formed parts. The latter was essential in order to generate the movement, which surely was one of the reasons these items were so popular.

In the case of the dolls, the body and head were often mould-made, arm and legs attached by using strings made of plant or metal. This way the figure could not only sit down, but sometimes even be guided to a dancing movement.

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Animals or chariots on wheels consisted of an axis from wood or metal and sometimes a hole through the mouth of the animal or otherwise on the items indicates that it could be pulled using by means of a string – very much like modern toys.

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Some scholars have argued that these sort of objects found in Greek sanctuaries (i.e. temples and its surroundings) were deposited there by young adults to mark the end of their childhood by dedicating their favourite toys to the gods. When similar objects are found in grave contexts (whether simple burials or cremations), scholars often assume that parents or other close relatives of the deceased child decided to bury their favourite toy(s) with them, accompanying them into the other word. In either case, both types of contexts appear to give us a glimpse of what children in the past loved to play with.

For examples of ancient clay dolls on display in the British Museum London see here: Object 425348 and here: Object 400059

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Ways of making: explaining ancient object production to primary school children (outreach)

At Arbury Primary School, Cambridge, Year 3 have been studying Ancient Greece as their half-term curriculum, looking especially at themes like daily life, childhood and toys. I was therefore very happy and enthusiastic to share some of my knowledge about the production of objects in the ancient world by running a series of weekly classes at the school.

The first two sessions we just talked about what it is that archaeologist do and how they go about when they try to reconstruct the past. We looked at the types of materials that survive in the soil and then more closely how some of these objects relate to the daily life of children. This was a really stimulating experience as the children at this age (7–8) were genuinely excited and interested, and spent most of the sessions asking some amazingly interesting questions!

In the next session, and to get a better understanding about materials and how the objects in Ancient Greece resemble (or not) modern ones, we looked together at a number of ancient objects more closely using photographs and then handling modern replicas of ancient vessels and toys.

In the final sessions (not yet completed), we then took a hands-on approach to production by getting the children to make their own versions of Ancient Greek toys using clay, string and wooden sticks, after talking about how they were ade and put together. [More information on these toys in a subsequent entry].

I would like to express my warmest thanks to the staff and pupils of Arbury primary school for their warm welcome, to the Year 3 in particular for their enthusiastic participation, and the creativity they shared with me in both their questions and clay works!

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A brief report on panel 5.18 “Trust, Branding and Fakes in the ancient World”

AIAC Cologne/Bonn 22 – 26 May 2018

The aim of this panel was to showcase different forms and concepts of trust, examples of commodity branding in the ancient world and the production of fakes in order to address some underlying dynamics of interaction in ancient economic systems. The final line-up included four case studies covering the Archaic to Hellenistic periods, from the Greek mainland and islands as well as modern day Turkey. Presentations were made by three stimulating scholars—Vasiliki Barlou, Simone Killen and Kathleen Garland—from whom I learnt a lot, as well as myself. The concluding panel discussion was excellently steered by Sabine Huy.

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— “What’s in a name?” Creating brands and trademarks in ancient Greek sculpture, Vasiliki Barlou (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen)

— Trust in tradesman: How poleis protected their consumers, Simone Killen (Universität Wien)

— “Amphoras on amphoras”: diachronic perspectives on trade and the use of the amphora image, Anja Slawisch (Cambridge University)

— Stamps of approval: signalling authenticity in Hellenistic packaging, Kathleen Garland (Cornell University)

To briefly summarize some emerging common themes of the panel:-

Much of the discussion was focussed on the different ways trust was created in antiquity: by the repeated intentional interlinking of personal names (for example the signature of a sculptor) or recognisable objects and symbols (esp. containers for examples amphora) with particular places of origin.

The reputation of excellence for particular products seems, in some cases, to have been enough to allow sustained and augmented demand for them. City symbols (parasema) acted as symbolic guarantors and hence enabled sellers to transfer trust in weight measures to the community as a whole and away from private negotiations. Simultaneously these city images travelled around the ancient world advertising product place of origin. Packaging of the products in connection with the usage of symbols – either by choosing distinctive and easily recognisable shapes for the container; by means of stamping, or a combination of both – could act as a strong visual marker of origin and quality once reputation had been established. While the case-studies confirmed the strong relationship between systems of trust and strategies to create positive reputations, it became clear that the particular ways in which the individual reputation was created and how reputation and trust interact are themes which need further investigation.

I would like to express my thanks to all participants for their enthusiastic participation and discussions, on whose theme we hope to develop further collaboration.

The full programme and all abstracts of the AIAC 2018 can be found here http://www.aiac2018.de/

Panel 5.18 – Trust, Branding and Fakes in the ancient World

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Workshop – Shedding Light on the Matter: Ideascapes and Material Worlds in the Land of Thales

On 22nd and 23rd of March 2018 scholars from 5 countries met at the Faculty of Classics, Cambridge to discuss ideascapes and material culture from Ionia during the Greek Archaic period. Under review was the current state of knowledge and the potential for new avenues of interdisciplinary research, which could draw from ancient philosophy and history, classical archaeology and landscape studies (esp. geomorphology).

Through a diverse programme of presentations and discussions, the participants grappled with the boundaries of the ancient landscape of ‘Ionia’ and the exceptional nature (or not) of the ‘Ionian Enlightenment’. It is clear that neither can be firmly defined and that it is time to move beyond our long-inherited disciplinary and geographical containers. Instead we should investigate the way different cities and their overlapping and cross-cutting networks were socially, economically and culturally entwined, and what role these connections played in the production of contemporary ideas and the transmission of cultural knowledge chronologically and spatially.

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For detailed information on the programme and for the extended abstract visit: http://ionia.eu/workshop/

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Project Panormos Survey 2015 Open Data released!

I am pleased to announce that the Open Data pilot for our archaeological survey on the Milesian Peninsula is in full swing, with the availability of the complete data from the 2015 season (including find information, thumbnail photos and daily logs) on Zenodo, a public data repository run by CERN. Well done Toby and Néhémie! (For more read their article on the pilot.)

vogel-schwarz60pxFor more information, see the Project Panormos data release page

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Processions, Propaganda, and Pixels: Reconstructing the Sacred Way Between Miletos and Didyma

Article by A. Slawisch & T. C. Wilkinson

The Sacred Way connecting the city of Miletos to the sanctuary of Didyma has long been considered one of the best-documented examples of a processional road from the ancient world. Views of the road have become ossified around an orthodox reconstruction of the route, which is assumed to have remained relatively static from the Archaic to the Roman period. A reexamination of the full epigraphic and archaeological evidence, incorporating the latest research in the region, highlights the many gaps in our knowledge and the possibility that the route and identity of the Sacred Way may have changed substantially through time. Computational modeling of the local topography confirms the feasibility of alternative routes and the effect that probable long-term landscape change around Panormos might have had.

This article calls for a fresh characterization of the Sacred Way from Miletos to Didyma, which envisages multiple periods of (re)invention and (re)construction from the Archaic period right up to the modern day.

Both, the article and an extensive appendix are open access via: https://www.ajaonline.org/article/3576

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Classical archaeologist